Angraecum
Special botanical characteristics and notes for Angraecum orchids
Angraecum is probably one of the best-known African orchid and with 200 species a rather large genus. Many of the species in this genus originate from the more humid lowland areas of Africa. However, Angraecum can also be found in higher mountain regions. Angraecum grows continuously throughout the year without a dormant period. A special feature in contrast to other fragrant orchid species Angraecum often emits an intense fragrance at dusk.
The Angraecum orchid, especially Angraecum sesquipedale, is known for several remarkable characteristics that make it special:
1. long spurs: One of the most striking features of Angraecum sesquipedale is its extremely long nectar spurs, which can grow up to 30 cm long. This length is an unusual feature among orchids and has attracted the attention of scientists and nature lovers alike.
2. pollination by moths: This orchid is pollinated by a specific species of moth, the Xanthopan morganii praedicta, also known as the Darwin moth. The long tongue of this moth is perfectly adapted to reach the nectar at the end of the long spur. This co-evolution between the orchid and the moth is a fascinating example of specialised pollinator relationships.
3 Darwin's prediction: Charles Darwin predicted the existence of a moth with a sufficiently long tongue to reach the nectar of this orchid when he first observed the unusually long spurs of Angraecum sesquipedale. This prediction was confirmed many years later when the Darwin moth was discovered. This makes Angraecum sesquipedale a famous example in the history of evolutionary biology.
4. night-flowering: This orchid species blooms mainly at night, when it emits a strong fragrance that attracts its nocturnal pollinators. The white flowers reflect in the moonlight and are therefore easily visible to nocturnal pollinators.
5. aesthetics and fragrance: The flowers of Angraecum are remarkable not only for their length, but also for their elegant white colour and pleasant fragrance. This makes it a sought-after plant among orchid lovers and collectors.
These characteristics together make the Angraecum orchid a fascinating plant, both from a botanical point of view and from the perspective of evolutionary research.
Special orchid care tips for Angraecum (Angrekorchis, tropical spurge)
Aengraecum likes light, but not direct sunlight in summer. In winter, it should be kept as bright as possible. Temperatures between 25 and 35 °C are no problem at all. Angraecum is ideal as a tied up culture. It should always be kept evenly moist. When growing in pots, make sure the substrate is loose and coarse and avoid waterlogging. From March to October, you can fertilise every 14 days, but only with special orchid fertiliser in a low concentration. Fertilising is no longer necessary in winter.
Here are some important care tips:
1. light: Angraecum orchids require bright, indirect light. They prefer a position that receives sunlight in the morning or evening, but is not directly exposed to the intense midday sun. A position near an east or west-facing window is ideal.
2. temperature: These orchids prefer warm temperatures. During the day, temperatures should be between 20-30°C, while night temperatures should not fall below 15°C. They do not tolerate large temperature fluctuations.
3. humidity: Angraecum orchids require a high humidity of around 50-70%. In drier environments, a humidifier or regular spraying of the plant can help to maintain the required humidity.
4. watering: These orchids should be kept evenly moist, but waterlogging must be avoided. Water the plant when the substrate is slightly dry. It is important that excess water can drain away easily.
5. substrate: Angraecum orchids require a well-drained orchid substrate. A mixture of coarse bark, perlite and some sphagnum moss is ideal. The substrate should allow good air circulation around the roots.
6. fertilisation: Use a special orchid fertiliser given every fortnight during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce fertilisation to once a month in autumn and winter.
7. air circulation: Good air circulation is important to prevent fungal diseases and mould growth. Make sure the plant is in a well-ventilated area.
8. dormancy: Some Angraecum species require a dormant period after flowering, during which they need less water and fertiliser. Find out about the specific needs of the species you have.
9. pests and diseases: Watch for signs of pests such as spider mites, aphids and scale insects. Treat infestations immediately with suitable products and ensure that the plant is not too moist to prevent fungal infections.
10. repotting: Repot the orchid every two to three years or when the substrate starts to decompose. The best time to repot is in spring, before active growth begins.
By following these care tips, you can ensure that your Angraecum orchid grows healthily and flowers magnificently.